Because breastfeeding can transmit HIV from mother to child, UNAIDS advises against breastfeeding for HIV-positive mothers, where formula feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable and safe. Grades are important. Some components of breast milk may protect against infection. High levels of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk (including eicosadienoico, arachidonic acid and gamma-linolenic acid) are associated with lower risk of child infection when nursed by HIV positive mothers. Arachidonic acid and gamma-linolenic acid, may also reduce viral shedding of HIV in breast milk. For this reason, the rates of developed countries in infant mortality are lower when HIV-positive mothers breastfeed their children when they use the formula. However, differences in infant mortality rates were not reported in areas with better resources.
Treatment of infants prophylactically with lamivudine (3TC) can help reduce HIV transmission from mother to child during breastfeeding. If the formula is given free or subsidized HIV-infected mothers, the recommendations were made to minimize the disadvantages such as the possible publication of HIV status of the mother.
At one time the world together, and still is in some developing countries like Africa, more than a woman breastfeeding a child. Shared breastfeeding has been found to be a risk factor for HIV infection in children. A woman hired to breastfeed another baby is known as a nurse. Breastfeeding can sometimes participate in shared negative reactions in the United States of America, due to the deviation from the cultural norm. American feminist activist Jennifer Baumgardner wrote about his experience in New York this issue.
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