Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute intestinal inflammatory disease in children. Necrosis or death of intestinal tissue may follow. It occurs mainly in premature births. In one study, 926 preterm infants, NEC has developed in 51 children (5.5%). The mortality rate of necrotizing enterocolitis was 26%. NEC was six to ten times more common in infants fed formula exclusively, and three times more common in babies fed with a mixture of breast milk and formula than just breastfeeding. In children born over 30 weeks, the NEC is twenty times more common in children fed exclusively on formula. 2007 meta-analysis of four randomized controlled clinical trials were "marginally statistically significant" between breastfeeding and reduced risk of NEC.
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